Automated fare collection (AFC) systems utilize technology to automate the payment of fares for public transportation services like buses, trains, and metro rails. The key components of a typical AFC system include electronic tickets or smart cards, validators or readers installed at entry/exit points, and a central system to manage transactions and payments. https://fortunetelleroracle.com/business/automated-fare-collection-system--revolutionizing-public-transport-ticketing-the-rise-of-automated-collection-systems-947965